Normality Calculator (N)
Calculate Mass, Normality, or Volume using Equivalent Weight (EW)
How to Use the Normality Calculator
Normality (N) is defined as the number of gram equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution. It is the preferred unit of concentration for Acid-Base titrations and Redox reactions in Analytical Chemistry.
Step 1: Determine Equivalent Weight (EW)
Normality relies on the chemical valence (n). Use the formula:
Equivalent Weight = Molecular Weight / Valence (n)
Example: For H₂SO₄, n=2. If MW=98.08, then EW = 49.04.
Step 2: Select Your Parameter
Choose what you are solving for:
- Mass Required (g): To prepare a specific Normal solution (e.g., 0.1 N).
- Normality (N): If you know the mass and volume prepared.
- Volume (mL): To find how much solvent is needed for a specific mass and normality.
Step 3: Calculate & Report
Enter the known values into the fields and click Calculate. The result section includes a signature block, making it ready to print and attach to your Batch Manufacturing Record (BMR) or Lab Notebook.
Difference Between Normality and Molarity
Molarity (M) measures moles per liter, while Normality (N) measures equivalents per liter.
Relationship: N = M × n (where n is the number of replaceable H+ or OH- ions).
Example: 1 M H₂SO₄ is 2 N H₂SO₄ because it yields 2 protons.
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